我国东部沿海地区海洋环境绩效评价研究          下载免费PDF全文

罗奕君  陈璇 《海洋开发与管理》2016,33(8):51-54

海洋强国战略是我国海洋经济发展的重要引擎,海洋环境的科学保护、海洋资源的合理开发是海洋经济发展的重要举措。文章引入生态环境绩效、社会经济绩效等变量,通过因子分析法计算影响海洋环境的主要成分因子,并根据成分因子得分系数科学地对海洋环境绩效进行评价。相关因子的权重结果表明,社会经济绩效因子所占权重大于生态环境绩效因子,要使海洋环境得到可持续发展,需要社会各界不断努力,健全海洋环境监测机制,共同形成保护海洋环境的良好氛围。  相似文献   

Factors driving riverbed scouring and sedimentation in the Bayangaole to Toudaoguai reaches of the Upper Yellow River     

Suzhen Hou  Ping Wang  Yan Guo  Tian Hu 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(9):1305-1320

The Inner Mongolia reaches of the Yellow River face problems of severe sedimentation caused by a variety of complex factors. The sedimentation process in those reaches has been characterized using the sediment balance method, and the key factors affecting the process have been analyzed using the correlation analysis method. The results show that during the period 1952–2012 the Bayangaole (Bayan Gol) to Toudaoguai reaches in Inner Mongolia have undergone successive processes of accumulative sedimentation, then relative balance, and then accumulative sedimentation once again. The total annual sedimentation is 12.0341×10⁸ m³, of which accumulations from July to October account for 95.1% and the reaches from Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai account for 98.5%. The main factor affecting scouring and sedimentation of the Bayangaole to Sanhuhekou reaches is the combined water and sediment condition. The critical conditions for equilibrium are an incoming sediment coefficient < 0.007 kg·s·m^–6 and a flow discharge > 700 m³·s^–1. The main factor affecting scouring and sedimentation of the Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai reaches is the incoming sediment from the tributaries on the south bank and the combined water and sediment condition of the main stream. The critical conditions of the main stream for maintaining equilibrium status are a flow discharge of the main stream exceeding 800 m³·s^–1 and a comprehensive incoming sediment coefficient < 0.005 kg·s·m^–6. The incoming sediment from the tributaries has little impact on the main stream when the annual sediment load is less than 0.1×10⁸ t. The incoming sediment coefficient of the main stream and the incoming sediment from the tributaries both play vital roles in the riverbed evolution of the Inner Mongolia reaches, but the latter contributes the most.  相似文献   

Effect of stocking density on water quality and (Growth,Body Composition and Plasma Cortisol Content) performance of pen-reared rainbow trout (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis>)     

LIU Qun  HOU Zhishuai  WEN Haishen  LI Jifang  HE Feng  WANG Jinhuan  GUAN Biao  WANG Qinglong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2016,15(4):667-675

The goal of the study was to examine the effect of stocking density on the water quality of culture area, as well as the growth, body composition and cortisol content of rainbow trout（Oncorhynchus mykiss）. Pen-reared trout were stocked in densities of 40, 60, 80 fish individuals m^-3(4.6, 6.6, 8.6 kg m^-3, SD1, SD2 and SD3 groups, respectively) for 300 days. Compared to the water from SD1 and SD2, that from SD3 exhibited significantly higher NH₄⁺-N content and COD（chemical-oxygen-demand）, and a significant reduction of dissolved oxygen in day 180(40.6 kg m^-3). Stocking density was significantly associated with body weight, standard length, VSI（viscerosomatic index）, CF（condition factor） and FC（food coefficient） in group SD3, particularly in day 240 and day 300(45 or 49.3 kg m^-3). Increased crude fat and decreased crude protein were displayed in high density group when the density reached to 36 kg m^-3. As a cumulative effect of density-related stress, VSI, CF, FC, moisture, and crude protein content varied over time in each density group（SD1, SD2, and SD3）. In summary, trout exhibited a better growth performance in low density(26.3 kg m^-3) than those reared in high densities(36 and 45 kg m^-3). The results indicate that rainbow trout（114.44 g ± 6.21 g, 19.69 cm ± 0.31 cm） initially stocked in 6.6 or 8.6 kg m^-3 should be lightened to less than 36 kg m^-3 after an intensive rearing for 240 days.  相似文献   

Effects of key components of <Emphasis Type="Italic">S. triqueter</Emphasis> root exudates on fractions and bioavailability of pyrene–lead co-contaminated soils     

Y. Hou  X. Liu  X. Zhang  X. Chen  K. Tao 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(3):887-896

The key components of S. triqueter root exudates involved 4-oxo-pentanoic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, phthalate acid, citric acid, vanillic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, decanoic acid, 14-methyl-pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid and oleic acid, and the content of the water-soluble organic acids (citric acid, succinic acid and glutaric acid) significantly increased in pyrene and lead co-contaminated rhizosphere soil. These three water-soluble organic acids including citric acid, succinic acid and glutaric acid were detected as the specific root exudates of S. triqueter under stress of pollutants for pyrene and lead, so they were chosen as the research objects, and they were added into the bioremediation systems of pyrene and lead co-contaminated wetland soils. Compared with the control, the treatments added the three organic acids always improved the quantity of the bioavailable fraction of pyrene and lead in wetland soils and greatly influenced other chemical states of pyrene and lead fractions in the test concentration range. Under the 50 g kg^?1 of organic acids concentration, the amount of the bioavailable fraction of pyrene and lead increased 41.0 and 872.7 % by citric acid, respectively. The enhancement of bioavailability of pyrene and lead in the wetland soil by adding organic acids generally decreased in the following order: citric acid > succinic acid > glutaric acid. Enhancing effects of organic acids on the bioavailability improvement of pyrene and lead is remarkable.  相似文献   

Feedstocks study on CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> mineralization technology     

Heping Xie  Liang Tang  Yufei Wang  Tao Liu  Zhengmeng Hou  Jinlong Wang  Tao Wang  Wen Jiang  Patrick Were 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(7):615

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Data integration in characterizing a fracture-cavity reservoir,Tahe oilfield,Tarim basin,China     

Yongqiang Li  Jiagen Hou  Xiaoqiang Ma 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(8):532

Fracture-cavity reservoirs can be described in terms of storage space, filling materials and distribution, however, characterizing these variables remains a challenge. In this study, a method was developed to characterize complex reservoirs by integrating outcrop, core, well log, and seismic data from the Tahe oilfield. Outcrop analogs were used to identify and qualitatively analyze the genesis of different reservoir spaces. Cores, well logs, and seismic data were used to identify different types of reservoir space in the subsurface, to describe the spatial distribution, and to establish the distribution pattern of fracture-cavity reservoirs. Clastic sediments, collapse breccia, and chemical fillings were described from the cores and used to assess porosity and permeability. On the basis of the results, a three-dimensional geological model was constructed incorporating a structural model, a reservoir space model, and a property model. Caves and fractures were the main storage spaces and seepage passages. The cave model was built using multi-point geostatistical simulation, while the fracture model was established using deterministic modeling combined with manual interpretations and ant-tracking technology.  相似文献   

长江河口主槽地貌形态观测与分析   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

吴帅虎  程和琴  胥毅军  李九发  郑树伟  徐韦  陆雪骏 《海洋工程》2016,34(6):65-73

人类活动可以改变流域至河口的泥沙输运与沉积。尽管一些近期的研究已经调查了长江河口的形态演变,然而,流域和河口工程如何影响河口河床的形态演变仍然是不清楚的。该文利用2010年至2015年多波束测深系统和浅地层剖面仪等先进现场测量仪器的长江口主槽走航测量资料,并结合主槽表层沉积物资料,分析了近年来人为强干扰下的长江河口主槽底床微地貌形态,以理解近期人类活动对河口的影响。结果显示:近年来长江河口主槽底床上除了存在平床、沙波、冲沟和冲刷痕等常见微地貌形态外,还存在着疏浚痕和凹坑等人为微地貌形态。在流域和河口大型工程的共同影响下,近年来南北港中上段、横沙通道和南槽上段均受到不同程度的冲刷,其主槽底床上呈现出不同程度冲沟和冲刷痕等侵蚀性微地貌。而由于疏浚工程的影响,南港下段、圆圆沙航槽和北槽航道底床上出现了大范围的疏浚痕和凹坑。近年来包括南槽上段、北槽主槽中段和下段的局部区域和北港拦门沙河段局部区域在内的长江河口最大浑浊带的河床沉积物有粗化趋势。南北港中上段和横沙通道的大部分区域均发育了大量沙波微地貌;总体上,长江河口沙波的波高在0.12~3.12 m,波长在2.83~127.89 m,波高/波长在0.003~0.136,长江河口中上段的沙波尺度(波高的均值为0.91 m,波长的均值为20.08 m)大于密西西比河下游(波高的均值为0.87 m,波长的均值为17.62 m),且两区域沙波的几何形态差异性较小。  相似文献   

Geochemical Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of Aoyougou Group Basalts in Western North Qilian     

Yixin Liu  Kexuan Hou  Xin Sha  Zhen Ma  Jinrong Wang 《地球科学进展》2018,33(2):189-205

The North Qilian orogenic belt is a typical plate suture zone, which is studded with numerous different sizes of fragments of micro-continental crust consisting of pre-Sinian metamorphic rocks and the North Qilian orogenic belt provides important study carrier for studying the pre-orogenic tectonic process of the North Qilian. The relatively complete volcanic-clastic-carbonate rocks formation of Zhulongguan Group, Changchengian System, Mesoproterozoic are distributed in the Kawa-Qiqing area, Western North Qilian orogenic belt. Geochemical characteristics of the Aoyougou Group basalts in the North Qilian indicated that the contents of major element were relatively stable, high K₂O contents(4.27%~6.07%), TFe₂O₃(10.49%~13.01%),TiO₂(1.96%~2.90%)and middle MgO(5.37%~6.71%,Mg^# 48~51), CaO(2.57%~5.51%)content. Thus, the Aoyougou Group basalts belong to potassium alkaline basalt. The contents of Cr and Ni of the basalts decreased with the decreasing of Mg^#, and there was a positive correlation between CaO and CaO/Al₂O₃, Furthermore, the Eu anomaly of samples was slightly negative, high contents of high field strength elements (HFSE, Nb, Ta, Ti), and the ratios of Gd/Yb(2.5~3.0), Zr/Y(8.6~10.2), Ta/Yb(0.96~1.23), Ti/Yb(5 074~6 021), Zr/Yb(81~97), Ce/Nb(1.87), Zr/Nb(6.41)indicated that the Aoyougou Group basalts had obvious OIB-type magmatic affinity. In combination with the regional geological background, the study results showed that Aoyougou Group alkaline basalt generated from deep enrichment mantle similar to the source of OIB, with fractional crystallization of olivine and monoclinic pyroxene and a certain degree of contamination of continental crust in the process of magmatism, formed in the background of continental rift, might response to the Proterozoic Columbia supercontinent rifting, which further provides important petrological evidences for the relationship between North China Craton rifting events and Columbia supercontinent rifting during Proterozoic.  相似文献   

华南飑线系统对流与层云区闪电起始和通道位置处的云微物理特征     

赵川鸿  郑栋  张义军  刘显通  张阳  姚雯  张文娟 《热带气象学报》2021,37(3):358-369

利用广州S波段双偏振雷达观测数据和低频电场探测阵列三维闪电定位数据, 分析了2017年5月4日和5月8日华南地区两次飑线过程中闪电起始和通道位置处的雷达偏振参量和降水粒子特征。两次飑线中约80%的闪电起始和通道(统称闪电放电)定位于对流区。对流区闪电放电位置处的雷达反射率(Z_H)要比层云区平均大4~5 dBZ, 其它偏振参量的平均值较为接近。闪电放电位置处的Z_H中值随高度增加而减小, 但差分反射率(Z_DR)、差分传播相移率(K_DP)和共极化相关系数(CC)在-10 ℃层以上随高度变化不大; -10 ℃层以下, 对流区闪电放电位置对应Z_DR和K_DP随高度下降明显增大。闪电起始位置的平均Z_H比闪电通道位置处的平均Z_H大1~2 dBZ, 但前者在对流区内对应Z_H分布峰值区间为25~30 dBZ, 弱于后者的30~35 dBZ; 同时, 它们的对比关系在-20 ℃层上下不同。对流区内闪电放电位置处的主导性粒子是霰和冰晶, 它们的区域占比接近。在层云区内, 闪电放电位置主要是干雪和冰晶, 干雪区域的占比显著大于冰晶。   相似文献   

基于大众点评网的志愿者地理信息空间分异研究——以武汉市为例     

张异君 《测绘与空间地理信息》2018,(2):154-156

在Web 2.0的驱动下,伴随着UGC(User Generated Content)的爆炸式增长,出现了一种新形式的地理信息——志愿者地理信息(Volunteered Geography Information,以下简称VGI)。其中点评类VGI提供了传统地理信息难以提供的商户环境、服务质量等信息,从而增强了地理信息对环境的表达能力,为消费者决策提供了重要参考。通过对大众点评网的点评信息进行分析,发现商户实体对点评信息的空间分布起着很大的制约作用,使得点评信息延续了商户不均衡的分布态势。但这种制约并不起决定性作用,点评信息仍然表现出一些区别于商户分布格局的特点。随后通过对不同价位餐馆的点评量进行分析,发现消费者更倾向对平均价格较高的餐馆进行点评,从而可能使得部分低价位的餐馆面临信息缺失的危机。  相似文献